Supplements
1 / 266Science-based information about supplements, vitamins, minerals, and herbal extracts for improving health and boosting performance.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin unique for its cobalt-containing porphyrin-like structure. It is exclusively...
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) is a naturally occurring nucleotide derived from niacin (Vitamin B3) and a direct precursor to Nicotinamide Adenine...
Zinc
Zinc is an indispensable essential trace mineral, meaning the human body cannot synthesize it and must obtain it through dietary intake, primarily...
Rosemary Extract
Rosemary Extract is a botanical preparation rich in bioactive polyphenolic compounds, primarily carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid, derived from the...
Ashwagandha
Ashwagandha, scientifically known as Withania somnifera, is a revered adaptogenic herb deeply rooted in traditional Ayurvedic medicine, where its...
Black Seed Oil
Black Seed Oil, extracted from *Nigella sativa* seeds, is a complex lipid matrix rich in unsaturated fatty acids, including linoleic and oleic acids,...
Coenzyme Q10
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), also known as ubiquinone, is a lipid-soluble benzoquinone derivative naturally synthesized in the human body and obtained from...
Taurine
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a conditionally essential amino sulfonic acid, biochemically distinct from typical alpha-amino acids due to...
Spirulina
Spirulina refers to the biomass of filamentous photosynthetic cyanobacteria, primarily *Arthrospira platensis* and *Arthrospira maxima*, cultivated...
L-Carnosine
L-Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide, biochemically classified as beta-alanyl-L-histidine, found in high concentrations within skeletal...
Phenylpiracetam (Phenotropil)
Phenylpiracetam, also known as Phenotropil, is a synthetic nootropic compound classified as a racetam derivative. It is structurally related to...
Copper
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace mineral and a transition metal indispensable for human health. It functions primarily as a catalytic cofactor for...
Shilajit
Shilajit is a potent natural mineral pitch, a complex phytomineral substance found predominantly in high-altitude mountain ranges like the Himalayas...
Sulforaphane
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring isothiocyanate, a sulfur-containing organic compound, primarily found as its precursor, glucoraphanin, in...
Modafinil
Modafinil is a synthetic eugeroic, or wakefulness-promoting agent, structurally distinct from conventional psychostimulants like amphetamines....
Fibers (prebiotics)
Dietary fibers are complex carbohydrates, predominantly non-digestible polysaccharides and lignin, originating extensively from plant-based foods...
Semax
Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide, specifically a biologically active analog of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) fragment ACTH(4-10). Developed...
Astaxanthin
Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring red-orange ketocarotenoid, a member of the xanthophyll class, primarily sourced from the microalgae...
Pycnogenol
Pycnogenol is a standardized natural extract derived from the bark of the French maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton), scientifically classified as a...
Rutin
Rutin, scientifically classified as quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, is a prominent polyphenolic bioflavonoid, a glycoside formed from the flavonoid...
MSM
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a naturally occurring organosulfur compound, biochemically classified as a sulfone. It is a metabolite of dimethyl...
PQQ
Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) is a naturally occurring quinone compound, often recognized as a vitamin-like nutrient due to its essential roles in...
Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR)
Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) is an acetylated derivative of L-carnitine, a naturally occurring quaternary ammonium compound endogenously synthesized in...
Selegiline
Selegiline, a synthetic phenethylamine derivative, is classified as a selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor. Initially...
Inositol
Inositol, primarily in its myo-inositol isomer form, is a carbocyclic polyol classified as a pseudovitamin (often designated as Vitamin B8). Abundant...
Histidine
Histidine is a conditionally essential alpha-amino acid, fundamental to protein synthesis and distinguished by its imidazole side chain, which...
Vitamin D
Vitamin D, a fat-soluble group of secosteroids including ergocalciferol (D2) and cholecalciferol (D3), functions primarily as a prohormone. D3 is...
Methylene Blue
Methylene Blue (MB) is a synthetic phenothiazine derivative, a redox-active compound initially synthesized in 1876 and historically recognized for...
Vitamin B5
Vitamin B5, chemically known as pantothenic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin and a critical component of Coenzyme A (CoA). Derived from the Greek...
Bilberry Extract
Bilberry Extract, derived from the berries of Vaccinium myrtillus L., is a complex natural product rich in anthocyanins, a group of powerful...
5-HTP
5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is a naturally occurring amino acid and a direct metabolic precursor to the crucial neurotransmitter serotonin...
Cistanche Tubulosa
Cistanche Tubulosa, a holoparasitic desert plant, is scientifically recognized for its rich concentration of phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs),...
Pregnenolone
Pregnenolone is an endogenous steroid hormone classified as the foundational precursor in the vast network of steroid biosynthesis. Synthesized...
Lion's Mane
Lion's Mane (Hericium erinaceus) is a globally recognized medicinal mushroom, historically revered in traditional East Asian medicine. Biochemically,...
Serine
Serine is a hydrophilic alpha-amino acid, classified as non-essential, meaning the human body can synthesize it endogenously. Its primary synthesis...
Bromantane
Bromantane is a unique adamantane derivative classified as an actoprotector and anxiolytic with mild psychostimulant and nootropic properties....
Nicotine
Nicotine is a pyridine alkaloid, naturally occurring in various plants, most notably the tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum). In human physiology,...
Honokiol
Honokiol is a natural biphenolic compound classified as a neolignan, primarily isolated from the bark of Magnolia officinalis and Magnolia...
Uridine
Uridine is a naturally occurring pyrimidine nucleoside, a fundamental building block of ribonucleic acid (RNA), and a critical component in various...
Caffeine
Caffeine is a naturally occurring methylxanthine alkaloid, widely found in over 60 plant species, including coffee beans, tea leaves, and cacao pods....
Polygala Tenuifolia
Polygala Tenuifolia, commonly known as Yuan Zhi, is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb whose root contains a diverse array of bioactive compounds,...
Chamomile
Chamomile, derived primarily from the dried flowers of Matricaria chamomilla (German Chamomile), is a widely utilized botanical extract recognized...
Magnesium
Magnesium is an essential major mineral and the fourth most abundant cation in the human body, critical for maintaining optimal physiological...
Alpha-Lipoic Acid
Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring dithiol compound and a vital coenzyme synthesized endogenously in human mitochondria. Biochemically...
Vitamin C
Vitamin C, scientifically known as L-ascorbic acid, is a vital water-soluble vitamin and a potent antioxidant. Unlike most mammals, humans lack the...
Tryptophan
L-Tryptophan is an essential alpha-amino acid, meaning it cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be acquired through diet. Biochemically,...
Methionine
Methionine is an essential alpha-amino acid, indispensable for human health as it cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through...
Phosphatidylcholine (PC)
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a prominent phospholipid, a class of lipids essential for cellular structure and function. As the most abundant...
Grape Seed Extract
Grape Seed Extract (GSE) is a scientifically recognized dietary supplement rich in polyphenolic compounds, predominantly proanthocyanidins,...
Protein
Protein is a fundamental macronutrient, a complex polymeric biomolecule composed of amino acid chains linked by peptide bonds. Ubiquitous in all...
Lithium
Lithium, a naturally occurring alkali metal and trace element, is found in various geological sources, including drinking water and certain foods....
Ergothioneine
Ergothioneine (EGT) is a unique, sulfur-containing amino acid derivative of histidine, biochemically classified as a potent antioxidant and cellular...
Selank
Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro), biochemically classified as a nootropic anxiolytic. Developed as an analog of the...
Amanita Muscaria
Amanita muscaria contains potent psychoactive isoxazole derivatives, primarily muscimol and its precursor, ibotenic acid. Unlike typical nutritional...
Ibutamoren MK 677
Ibutamoren (MK-677) is a non-peptidic growth hormone secretagogue, biochemically classified as a potent, orally active ghrelin mimetic. Unlike...
Vitex Agnus-Castus
Vitex Agnus-Castus, commonly known as Chasteberry, is an herbal extract derived from the fruit of the *Vitex agnus-castus* tree, native to the...
Evening Primrose Oil
Evening Primrose Oil (EPO) is a botanical extract rich in essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, primarily cis-linoleic acid (LA) and gamma-linolenic...
Andrographis
Andrographis, an herbal supplement derived from the *Andrographis paniculata* plant, is primarily valued for its active diterpenoid lactones,...
Vitamin B9
Vitamin B9, commonly known as folate in its natural form and folic acid as its synthetic counterpart, is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin essential...
Trypsin
Trypsin is a pivotal serine protease, classified as an endopeptidase, fundamentally involved in protein digestion within the human gastrointestinal...
Vitamin B3
Vitamin B3 encompasses nicotinic acid (niacin) and its amide, nicotinamide (niacinamide), both water-soluble compounds classified as essential B...
Iron
Iron is an indispensable essential trace mineral vital for numerous physiological processes. Biochemically, it is a transition metal fundamental to...
Maca Root
Maca Root (Lepidium meyenii) is a cruciferous vegetable native to the high Andean plateaus of Peru, traditionally consumed as a food and revered for...
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6, a collective term for six related compounds (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, and their phosphorylated forms), is a water-soluble...
Cordyceps
Cordyceps refers to a genus of ascomycete fungi, notably including Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris. Traditionally found growing on...
Horse Chestnut Extract
Horse Chestnut Extract is derived from the seeds of *Aesculus hippocastanum L.*, primarily characterized by its active constituents, a mixture of...
Garlic
Garlic (*Allium sativum*) is a bulbous plant widely recognized for its distinctive array of organosulfur compounds, which are the primary...
Selenium
Selenium is an essential trace element crucial for human health, primarily through its incorporation into approximately 25 known selenoproteins....
Cabergoline
Cabergoline is a synthetic ergoline derivative and a potent, long-acting dopamine receptor agonist, primarily targeting the D2 subtype. Synthesized...
Ligandrol LGD-4033
Ligandrol (LGD-4033) is a synthetic, non-steroidal Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM). From a biochemical perspective, it is a ligand...
Lecithin
Lecithin is a collective term for a group of phospholipids, vital amphiphilic molecules, with phosphatidylcholine being the most abundant component....
Amanita Pantherina
Amanita pantherina, commonly known as the Panther Cap, is a species of highly toxic mushroom containing potent neuroactive isoxazole derivatives....
Calcium Alpha-Ketoglutarate
Calcium Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG) is a pivotal organic acid and a key intermediate in the Krebs cycle, the central metabolic pathway for energy...
CBD
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a prominent non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid derived primarily from the Cannabis sativa L. plant. Biochemically, it is a...
Chlorella
Chlorella is a genus of single-celled green algae (Chlorophyta) originating from freshwater environments, recognized for its exceptional nutritional...
Sulbutiamine
Sulbutiamine is a synthetic, lipophilic derivative of thiamine (Vitamin B1), specifically a disulfide dimer, designed for enhanced bioavailability...
DHEA
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an endogenous steroid hormone, biochemically classified as a C19 steroid, serving as the most abundant circulating...
Mucuna Pruriens (Velvet Bean)
Mucuna Pruriens, commonly known as Velvet Bean, is a tropical leguminous plant historically utilized in Ayurvedic medicine. Scientifically classified...
Betaine (TMG)
Betaine, scientifically known as trimethylglycine (TMG), is a zwitterionic quaternary ammonium compound and a trimethylated derivative of the amino...
Piracetam
Piracetam is a synthetic derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the prototypical compound of the racetam class of nootropics. Discovered in...
Jujube Seed Extract
Jujube Seed Extract, derived from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. seeds, is a complex botanical blend primarily rich in triterpene saponins like jujubosides...
L-Carnitine
L-Carnitine is a naturally occurring quaternary ammonium compound, often classified as an amino acid derivative, synthesized endogenously from the...
Iodine
Iodine is an essential trace element and a non-metallic halogen critical for human health. It is primarily sourced from marine environments,...
Schisandra
Schisandra, derived primarily from the berries of Schisandra chinensis, is a pharmacologically active botanical classified as an adaptogen....
Tongkat Ali
Tongkat Ali, botanically known as Eurycoma longifolia, is a medicinal plant native to Southeast Asia, where its root has been traditionally used for...
Cinnamon Extract
Cinnamon extract, derived from the inner bark of Cinnamomum species, is a botanical supplement rich in a complex array of bioactive compounds....
Panax Ginseng
Panax Ginseng is a traditional adaptogenic herb primarily known for its active compounds, ginsenosides, which are a diverse group of triterpenoid...
Phenibut
Phenibut, chemically known as β-phenyl-γ-aminobutyric acid, is a synthetic derivative of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid...
Collagen Peptides
Collagen Peptides are scientifically classified as hydrolyzed collagen, consisting of short-chain amino acid peptides and protein fragments. These...
Melatonin
Melatonin is an indoleamine neurohormone primarily synthesized in the pineal gland from the amino acid tryptophan. It is well-recognized as the...
Guarana
Guarana, scientifically known as Paullinia cupana, is a botanical extract derived from the seeds of an Amazonian vine, recognized for its high...
Citrulline
L-Citrulline is a non-essential alpha-amino acid, which, unlike proteinogenic amino acids, is not incorporated into proteins. It is endogenously...
Green Tea Extract
Green Tea Extract is a concentrated source of bioactive polyphenolic compounds, predominantly catechins, with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) being...
Gynostemma Pentaphyllum
Gynostemma pentaphyllum, commonly known as Jiaogulan, is a perennial herbaceous vine scientifically classified by its active compounds, gypenosides,...
Adrafinil
Adrafinil is a synthetic eugeroic compound classified as a benzhydrylsulfinylacetamide derivative, serving as a prodrug to the widely studied...
Fasoracetam
Fasoracetam is a synthetic nootropic compound classified as a racetam, a cyclic derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Unlike naturally...
Bromelain
Bromelain is a complex mixture of proteolytic (protein-digesting) enzymes, predominantly cysteine proteinases, derived from the stem and fruit of the...
Ginger
Ginger, derived from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, is a widely utilized botanical supplement recognized for its diverse bioactive compounds....
Dandelion Root
Dandelion Root (Taraxacum officinale) is a botanical extract highly esteemed in traditional herbal medicine, characterized by a complex phytochemical...
Lavender Extract
Lavender Extract, derived from the flowers of Lavandula angustifolia, is a botanical preparation primarily characterized by its essential oil...
BPC-157
BPC-157, or Body Protection Compound-157, is a synthetic gastric pentadecapeptide, a short protein fragment composed of 15 amino acids. It is derived...
SAM-e
SAM-e (S-Adenosylmethionine) is a naturally occurring sulfonium compound derived from the amino acid methionine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)...
Berberine
Berberine is a naturally occurring quaternary ammonium alkaloid found in several plant species, including Berberis vulgaris (barberry), Coptis...
Butyrate
Butyrate is a four-carbon short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), primarily generated in the human colon through the anaerobic fermentation of dietary fiber...
Unifiram
Unifiram is a synthetic, orally active benzoxazepine derivative classified as an ampakine nootropic. Developed through targeted research into...
Cortexin
Cortexin is a complex of low-molecular-weight, water-soluble polypeptide fractions derived from the cerebral cortex of young cattle. Classified as a...
MCT Oil
MCT Oil, or Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil, is a unique class of saturated fatty acids primarily comprising caprylic (C8) and capric (C10) acids....
Omega-3
Omega-3 fatty acids are a class of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) vital for human health, primarily comprising Eicosapentaenoic acid...
Threonine
Threonine is an essential alpha-amino acid, meaning it cannot be synthesized endogenously and must be acquired through dietary sources....
Astragalus
An extract derived from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus, commonly known as Huang Qi in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Astragalus is a botanical...
CDP-Choline
CDP-Choline, or Cytidine Diphosphate Choline (also known as Citicoline), is an endogenous nucleotide and a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of...
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone primarily produced by the syncytiotrophoblast cells of the placenta during pregnancy....
DMAE
DMAE (Dimethylaminoethanol), also known as Deanol, is an organic compound structurally related to choline, classifying it as a choline analog, a...
Glycine
Glycine is the simplest and smallest amino acid, classified as a non-essential amino acid, meaning it can be endogenously synthesized by the human...
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is a crucial metalloenzyme, categorized as an endogenous antioxidant defense system essential for nearly all aerobic...
Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a collective term for a group of fat-soluble compounds, primarily tocopherols and tocotrienols, with alpha-tocopherol being the most...
IDRA-21
IDRA-21 is a synthetic benzofuran derivative, classified as an ampakine compound. Unlike naturally occurring substances, it was developed through...
Rhodiola Rosea
Rhodiola Rosea is a perennial flowering plant extract scientifically classified as an adaptogen, recognized for its unique ability to enhance the...
Holy Basil (Tulsi)
Holy Basil, scientifically known as Ocimum sanctum or Ocimum tenuiflorum, and commonly referred to as Tulsi, is an esteemed adaptogenic herb. It is...
Phosphatidylserine (PS)
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an anionic phospholipid, a critical component of biological membranes, especially enriched in the brain and nervous...
TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4 Acetate)
TB-500 is a synthetic peptide corresponding to a truncated fragment of thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4), a naturally occurring 43-amino acid protein widely...
Aniracetam
Aniracetam is a synthetic nootropic compound classified as a pyrrolidinone derivative within the racetam family. Unlike many natural supplements, it...
Theobromine
Theobromine is a naturally occurring methylxanthine alkaloid, structurally related to caffeine, found predominantly in cacao beans (Theobroma cacao),...
Curcumin
Curcumin is a lipophilic, yellow polyphenolic compound and the primary curcuminoid found in the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa, commonly known as...
Milk Thistle
Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) is a herbaceous plant whose seeds contain silymarin, a complex of powerful flavonolignans, including silybin,...
Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine (Phe) is an essential aromatic alpha-amino acid, meaning it cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through diet....
Bacopa Monnieri
Bacopa Monnieri is an adaptogenic herb, primarily containing active triterpenoid saponins known as bacosides. Historically revered in Ayurvedic...
Ginkgo Biloba
Ginkgo Biloba is a complex botanical extract primarily derived from the leaves of the ancient *Ginkgo biloba* tree, standardized to contain specific...
Passionflower
Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) is a botanical extract characterized by a complex profile of phytochemicals, primarily flavonoids like vitexin...
Probiotics
Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Primarily comprising...
Magnolia Bark Extract
Magnolia Bark Extract is a natural botanical derivative primarily valued for its bioactive biphenolic compounds, honokiol and magnolol. Sourced from...
Vitamin B1
Thiamine, commonly known as Vitamin B1, is an essential water-soluble vitamin from the B-complex group, characterized by its pyrimidine and thiazole...
Eleuthero
Eleuthero, scientifically known as Eleutherococcus senticosus, is an adaptogenic shrub from the Araliaceae family, native to Northeastern Asia. Its...
Kava Kava
Kava Kava, derived from the root of Piper methysticum, is a botanical extract whose primary active constituents are kavalactones, a distinct class of...
Lemon Balm
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis), a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Lamiaceae (mint) family, is scientifically recognized for its rich...
Nettle Root
Nettle Root, extracted from Urtica dioica, is a botanical supplement comprising a complex array of bioactive compounds, including various...
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA)
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous N-acylethanolamine, a naturally occurring lipid molecule structurally related to endocannabinoids....
Gotu Kola
Gotu Kola, scientifically known as Centella asiatica, is an herbaceous plant widely recognized for its bioactive triterpenoid saponins, primarily...
Creatine
Creatine is a nitrogenous organic acid, a guanidinoacetic acid derivative, naturally synthesized in the human body from amino acids (arginine,...
Sabroxy
Sabroxy is a proprietary extract derived from the bark of Oroxylum indicum, a tree native to India and Southeast Asia, traditionally valued in...
Yohimbine
Yohimbine is an indole alkaloid primarily derived from the bark of the *Pausinystalia yohimbe* tree. Biochemically, it acts as a selective alpha-2...
Blueberry Extract
Blueberry Extract is a concentrated botanical preparation derived from the fruit of *Vaccinium* species, primarily *Vaccinium corymbosum*. It is...
Pramiracetam
Pramiracetam is a synthetic nootropic compound, a lipophilic derivative of piracetam, belonging to the racetam class of substances. First synthesized...
Silica
Silica, an essential trace mineral primarily recognized in its bioavailable form as orthosilicic acid (OSA), plays a fundamental role in human...
D-Ribose
D-Ribose is a naturally occurring five-carbon monosaccharide (a pentose sugar) fundamental to cellular metabolism. It serves as a crucial building...
Ornithine
Ornithine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid, meaning it is not incorporated into proteins, but plays crucial roles in human metabolism. It is a...
St. John's Wort
St. John's Wort (scientific name: Hypericum perforatum L.) is a perennial flowering plant whose extracts are widely utilized as a botanical...
Diosmin
Diosmin is a naturally occurring flavonoid glycoside, specifically a flavone, widely recognized for its vascular protective properties. Primarily...
Fisetin
Fisetin is a natural polyphenolic compound classified as a flavonol, a subclass of flavonoids. Abundantly found in various fruits and vegetables like...
HMB
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a scientifically recognized metabolite of the essential branched-chain amino acid leucine, naturally...
L-Theanine
L-Theanine is a unique non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative, structurally analogous to the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate. Primarily...
American Ginseng
American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) is a revered herbal supplement derived from the root of a plant native to eastern North America....
Black Elderberry
Black Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) is a deciduous shrub highly valued for its nutrient-dense berries and flowers. Biochemically, it is a rich...
Tribulus Terrestris
Tribulus terrestris is an herbaceous plant widely used in traditional medicine, notable for its active compounds, primarily steroidal saponins like...
Anastrozole
Anastrozole is a potent, selective, non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, a class of compounds designed to reduce estrogen production in the body....
Ethanol (alcohol)
Ethanol, an organic compound classified as a simple alcohol (C2H5OH), is the primary psychoactive substance found in alcoholic beverages....
Fenugreek Extract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) extract is a botanical derivative rich in bioactive compounds, primarily furostanol saponins, alkaloids like...
Resveratrol
Resveratrol is a naturally occurring stilbenoid, a class of polyphenolic compounds. It is primarily found in the skin of red grapes, various berries,...
Urolithin A
Urolithin A (UA) is a natural, gut microbiota-derived postbiotic metabolite, biochemically classified as a dibenzopyranone derivative. It is not...
Boswellia
Boswellia, primarily sourced from the oleo-gum-resin of Boswellia serrata trees native to India, is a natural extract biochemically classified by its...
Red Clover
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) is a perennial herb whose therapeutic properties are largely attributed to its rich content of isoflavones, a class...
Glutamine
Glutamine is a conditionally essential alpha-amino acid and the most abundant free amino acid in human plasma and muscle tissue. While endogenously...
Licorice Root
Licorice root, sourced from the plant Glycyrrhiza glabra, is a multifaceted botanical extract recognized for its primary active compounds:...
Pterostilbene
Pterostilbene is a naturally occurring stilbenoid, a class of polyphenolic compounds structurally related to resveratrol, distinguished by its higher...
Serrapeptase
Serrapeptase, also known as serratiopeptidase, is a proteolytic enzyme derived from the bacterium Serratia marcescens, originally isolated from the...
Marshmallow Root
Marshmallow Root (Althaea officinalis) is a botanical extract primarily recognized for its high content of mucilaginous polysaccharides. These...
Reishi
Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum), a highly esteemed medicinal mushroom, is scientifically classified by its rich biochemical profile, primarily comprising...
Huperzine A
Huperzine A is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene alkaloid isolated from the Chinese club moss, Huperzia serrata. Biochemically, it functions as a...
Amanita Regalis
Amanita Regalis, also known as the Royal Fly Agaric, is a basidiomycete fungus closely related to Amanita muscaria. Biochemically, its primary active...
Apigenin
Apigenin is a naturally occurring flavone, a subclass of flavonoids within the broader category of polyphenolic compounds. Widely distributed in...
Lutein
Lutein is a xanthophyll carotenoid, a fat-soluble pigment naturally abundant in green leafy vegetables, egg yolks, and various fruits. It cannot be...
NSI-189
NSI-189 is a novel, synthetic small molecule classified as an aminopropyl-carboxazole. Developed by Neuralstem, Inc., it is an investigational...
Sunifiram
Sunifiram (DM-235) is a synthetic, highly potent nootropic compound chemically classified as a piperazine derivative, structurally related to...
Cerebrolysin
Cerebrolysin is a complex, brain-derived peptide mixture categorized as a nootropic agent. Originating from enzymatic hydrolysis of purified porcine...
Omega-6
Omega-6 fatty acids are a class of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) characterized by a double bond at the sixth carbon from the methyl end....
Hops
Hops, derived from the female flower cones of Humulus lupulus, is a botanical extract rich in diverse bioactive compounds, including bitter acids...
Tyrosine
L-Tyrosine is a non-essential aromatic amino acid, a fundamental building block for proteins and a crucial precursor to several vital neurochemicals...
Vitamin A
Vitamin A refers to a group of fat-soluble retinoids, predominantly retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid, crucial for numerous physiological...
Coluracetam
Coluracetam is a synthetic nootropic compound belonging to the racetam class, characterized by its pyrrolidone nucleus. Unlike many other racetams,...
DL-Phenylalanine (DLPA)
DL-Phenylalanine (DLPA) is a synthetic racemic compound comprising equal parts of L-phenylalanine, an essential amino acid, and its non-proteinogenic...
Alpha-GPC
Alpha-GPC (L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine) is a naturally occurring choline compound and a phospholipid metabolite. Present in trace amounts in...
Clomiphene
Clomiphene is a synthetic, non-steroidal Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) extensively employed in reproductive endocrinology. Developed...
Quercetin
Quercetin is a naturally occurring polyphenolic flavonoid compound abundantly found in various fruits, vegetables, grains, and leaves, notably...
Vinpocetine
Vinpocetine is a synthetic ethyl ester derivative of the indole alkaloid vincamine, naturally sourced from the periwinkle plant (Vinca minor)....
Chaga
Chaga (Inonotus obliquus) is a unique parasitic fungus predominantly growing on birch trees, recognized for its complex biochemical profile. It...
Lycopene
Lycopene is a prominent tetraterpene carotenoid, a fat-soluble phytonutrient primarily responsible for the red pigmentation in fruits like tomatoes,...
Propranolol
Propranolol is a synthetic, non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, historically significant as the first clinically successful...
Saffron Extract
Saffron extract, derived from the stigmas of Crocus sativus, is a complex botanical mixture rich in bioactive compounds. Its primary active...
Chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin is a pivotal serine endopeptidase, a type of proteolytic enzyme distinguished by a reactive serine residue within its active site....
Oxiracetam
Oxiracetam is a synthetic nootropic compound belonging to the racetam class, chemically categorized as a 2-oxopyrrolidine derivative. Developed in...
Cissus Quadrangularis
Cissus Quadrangularis is an herbal extract derived from the perennial succulent vine Cissus quadrangularis, historically utilized in traditional...
Turkey Tail
Turkey Tail (Trametes versicolor), a common polypore fungus, is a well-researched natural source of complex polysaccharides, notably polysaccharide K...
Vitamin B7
Vitamin B7, commonly known as Biotin, is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin and an essential coenzyme. Biochemically, it is a heterocyclic organic...
Agmatine Sulfate
Agmatine sulfate is the stable salt form of agmatine, an endogenous polyamine synthesized in the human body through the decarboxylation of...
Spermidine
Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine, an organic compound with multiple primary amino groups. Ubiquitous across all living organisms, it is...
Saw Palmetto
Saw Palmetto, derived from the fruit of the Serenoa repens palm, is a complex botanical extract rich in fatty acids, phytosterols (notably...
Boron
Boron is a naturally occurring metalloid and an essential trace element for plants, increasingly recognized for its physiological significance in...
Lysine
Lysine is an essential alpha-amino acid, meaning it cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through dietary sources like meat,...
GABA
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, classifying as a non-proteinogenic amino...
Noopept
Noopept (N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester) is a synthetic dipeptide analogue, biochemically classified as a nootropic compound. Unlike...
Zeaxanthin
Zeaxanthin is a crucial xanthophyll carotenoid, an organic pigment belonging to the carotenoid family. Unlike some nutrients, it is not synthesized...
Benfotiamine
Benfotiamine is a synthetic, lipid-soluble derivative of thiamine (Vitamin B1), designed for superior bioavailability compared to its water-soluble...
Olive Leaf Extract
Olive Leaf Extract is a concentrated botanical supplement derived from the leaves of Olea europaea, the olive tree. It is primarily characterized by...
Vitamin K2
Vitamin K2, scientifically classified as menaquinone, is a group of fat-soluble naphthoquinone compounds primarily synthesized by specific gut...
Arginine
Arginine (L-arginine) is a semi-essential (conditionally essential) alpha-amino acid, playing a pivotal role in human metabolism. While it can be...
Calcium D-Glucarate
Calcium D-Glucarate is the calcium salt of D-glucaric acid, a naturally occurring compound found in numerous fruits and vegetables and produced...
EAA (Essential Amino Acids)
Essential Amino Acids (EAAs) represent a crucial biochemical classification of nine amino acids – Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine,...
Picamilon
Picamilon, scientifically known as N-nicotinoyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid, is a synthetic nootropic compound formed by the covalent conjugation of...
Manganese
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace mineral, a d-block transition metal crucial for numerous physiological functions in the human body. Unlike many...
9-Me-BC
9-Me-BC (9-Methyl-β-carboline) is a synthetic β-carboline alkaloid, a chemical class derived from indole-containing compounds found naturally in...
Artichoke Extract
Artichoke Extract, derived from the leaves of Cynara scolymus L., is a botanical supplement rich in bioactive polyphenolic compounds, notably...
Calcium
Calcium is an essential macromineral and an alkaline earth metal element, fundamental for numerous physiological processes. Primarily absorbed from...
Fadogia Agrestis
Fadogia Agrestis is a botanical extract derived from a shrub native to West Africa, traditionally utilized in indigenous medicine for its purported...
Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C)
Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) is a naturally occurring phytochemical, a glucosinolate breakdown product abundantly found in cruciferous vegetables such as...
Vitamin B2
Riboflavin, commonly known as Vitamin B2, is a water-soluble vitamin essential for human health. Biochemically, it is the precursor to two vital...
Potassium
Potassium is an essential dietary mineral and the primary intracellular cation (positively charged ion) within the human body, playing a pivotal role...
Omega-9
Omega-9 fatty acids are a class of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), distinguished by a single double bond located at the ninth carbon atom from...
Inosine
Inosine is a purine nucleoside, biochemically classified as a molecule where the purine base hypoxanthine is attached to a ribose sugar. It is a...
Hesperidin
Hesperidin is a naturally occurring flavanone glycoside, a type of bioflavonoid, composed of the aglycone hesperetin and the disaccharide rutinose....
Alanine
Alanine is a non-essential alpha-amino acid, meaning the human body can synthesize it, reducing dietary reliance. As one of the simplest amino acids,...
Proline
Proline is a unique, cyclic, non-essential amino acid, biochemically characterized by its distinctive secondary amine group forming a pyrrolidine...
Ecdysterone
Ecdysterone, or 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), is a naturally occurring phytosteroid belonging to the ecdysteroid class, historically recognized as a...
Shiitake
Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) is an edible mushroom widely recognized for its diverse bioactive compounds. From a biochemical perspective, it is a rich...
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA)
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a naturally occurring, hydrophilic bile acid, representing the taurine conjugate of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)....
BCAA
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are a group of three essential amino acids: leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Classified as essential because the...
Beta-Sitosterol
Beta-sitosterol is a naturally occurring phytosterol, a class of plant-derived compounds structurally similar to cholesterol. Abundant in various...
Gymnema Sylvestre
Gymnema Sylvestre is a perennial woody vine, traditionally revered in Ayurvedic medicine for its medicinal properties. Biochemically, its primary...
Maitake
Maitake (Grifola frondosa) is a polypore mushroom highly valued for its rich content of complex polysaccharides, particularly beta-glucans such as...
Papain
Papain is a cysteine protease, a proteolytic enzyme derived from the latex of the unripe fruit of the papaya plant (Carica papaya). Biochemically, it...
Tadalafil (Cialis)
Tadalafil is a selective cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, a synthetic organic compound. Its...
Bitter Melon Extract
Bitter Melon Extract, derived from Momordica charantia, is a botanical supplement recognized for its diverse array of bioactive compounds, including...
Hyaluronic acid (HA)
Hyaluronic acid (HA), or hyaluronan, is a ubiquitous, naturally occurring anionic, non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan. Structurally, it's a linear...
Memantine
Memantine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, a synthetic adamantane derivative primarily used in neurology. Unlike competitive...
Echinacea
Echinacea is a genus of flowering plants primarily utilized for its diverse array of bioactive constituents, including alkylamides, caffeic acid...
Lipase
Lipase is a pivotal enzyme classified as a hydrolase, meaning it catalyzes the hydrolysis of chemical bonds using water. Specifically, lipases are...
Chromium
Chromium is an essential trace mineral vital for optimal human health, naturally found in whole grains, meats, and some fruits and vegetables....
Dihexa
Dihexa is a synthetic, orally bioavailable small peptide, a hexapeptide derivative of angiotensin IV, meticulously engineered to mimic and enhance...
Red Yeast Rice
Red Yeast Rice (RYR) is a traditional Chinese dietary staple and medicinal product, originating from the fermentation of Monascus purpureus yeast on...
Catalase
Catalase is a ubiquitous, highly efficient antioxidant enzyme, scientifically classified as a peroxisomal heme-containing protein. Naturally abundant...
Cellulase
Cellulase is an enzyme complex classified as a glycoside hydrolase, responsible for the breakdown of cellulose. It is not endogenously produced by...
N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine (NALT)
N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine (NALT) is an acetylated derivative of the non-essential amino acid L-Tyrosine, a fundamental precursor to crucial neurochemicals....
Pau d'Arco
Pau d'Arco, derived from the inner bark of various *Tabebuia* species, most notably *Tabebuia impetiginosa* and *Tabebuia avellanedae*, is a...
Glucosamine
Glucosamine is an endogenous aminomonosaccharide, an amino sugar vital for the structural integrity of connective tissues. Naturally synthesized in...
Valerian Root
Valerian root (Valeriana officinalis) is a botanical extract containing a complex array of bioactive compounds, notably sesquiterpenes like valerenic...
Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL)
Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL) is a specialized herbal extract derived from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra. It is distinct from whole licorice as...
Diindolylmethane (DIM)
Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a naturally occurring indole derivative, a condensation product formed during the digestion of indole-3-carbinol (I3C),...
Pelargonium sidoides
Pelargonium sidoides extract, often marketed as Umckaloabo, is a phytopharmaceutical derived from the roots of this South African geranium....
Pepsin
Pepsin is a crucial aspartic protease, a classification of proteolytic enzymes characterized by an aspartate residue in their active site, essential...
Amylase
Amylase is a crucial digestive enzyme classified as a glycoside hydrolase, primarily responsible for the initial breakdown of complex carbohydrates....
J147
J147 is a synthetic, orally bioavailable small molecule classified as a neurotrophic compound, structurally derived from the natural polyphenol...
Nattokinase
Nattokinase is a potent serine protease enzyme derived from *Bacillus subtilis natto*, a bacterium utilized in the traditional Japanese fermentation...
Molybdenum
Molybdenum is an essential trace mineral, fundamental for human health due to its indispensable role as a cofactor for four key...
Dutasteride
Dutasteride is a synthetic 4-azasteroid compound classified as a dual 5α-reductase inhibitor. Unlike naturally occurring substances, it was developed...
Horny Goat Weed
Horny Goat Weed, derived from the Epimedium genus, is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb primarily recognized for its active constituent, Icariin,...
Pygeum africanum (Bark)
Pygeum africanum bark extract is a complex botanical blend of lipophilic compounds, primarily comprising phytosterols (notably beta-sitosterol),...
Chondroitin Sulfate
Chondroitin Sulfate is a prominent glycosaminoglycan (GAG), a complex sulfated polysaccharide found naturally as a key structural component of the...
Feverfew
Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) is an herbaceous plant scientifically classified for its principal bioactive compounds, sesquiterpene lactones,...
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) is a family of polyunsaturated fatty acids naturally found as isomers of linoleic acid. Biochemically, CLA comprises...
Eutropoflavin
Eutropoflavin is a novel flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) analog, structurally engineered for enhanced cellular bioavailability and metabolic...
Vitamin K1
Vitamin K1, chemically known as phylloquinone, is a fat-soluble vitamin belonging to the naphthoquinone group. It is predominantly synthesized by...
D-Aspartic Acid
D-Aspartic acid (D-AA) is a naturally occurring, non-proteinogenic amino acid, an enantiomer of the more common L-aspartic acid. Unlike L-forms,...
Colloidal Gold and Silver
Colloidal gold and silver refer to stable suspensions of elemental noble metal nanoparticles (typically 1-100 nm in diameter) dispersed in a liquid,...
PRL-8-53
PRL-8-53, or 3-(2-(benzylmethylamino)ethyl)benzoic acid methyl ester, is a synthetic benzoic acid derivative developed in the 1970s by Dr. Nikolaus...
Lactase
Lactase is a specific enzyme classified as a β-galactosidase, crucial for the digestion of lactose, the disaccharide sugar found predominantly in...
Piperine
Piperine is a natural alkaloid, specifically a pungent amide derivative, recognized as the principal active constituent responsible for the distinct...
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a sulfhydryl-containing derivative of the amino acid L-cysteine, serving as a pharmaceutical agent and dietary supplement....
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